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Zinc Sulfide (ZnS)Double-Convex Lenses

Product Introduction

      Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is a broad-band (3.72 eV) group II-VI semiconductor material with high optical transmittance in the near-infrared (1-3 μm), mid-infrared (3-5 μm), far-infrared (8-12 μm) and other spectral bands, with moderate mechanical properties, thermal properties and chemical stability, and is an important class of optoelectronic functional materials. The multi-spectral band transmittance ZnS materials are widely used in rectifiers, infrared lenses, infrared windows and other fields.

      The biconvex lens is a lens with two convex spherical surface that includes an incident surface and an emitting surface, characterized by a longer focal length at the middle of the lens surface and a shorter focal length at the end of each lens surface.

       Our Company can provide ZnS Double-Convex Lenses with diameters from 2-300mm and thicknesses from 0.12-60mm (accuracy up to 20-10, 1/10L@633nm), with 4 major processes: gel disc polishing, high speed polishing, ring polishing and CNC polishing, with ZYGO, AFM, reflection and transmission eccentric meters, 15 second goniometer, UV gel centering system, non-contact Laser. Thickness gauge, 2D imager and sphere diameter gauge to ensure the accuracy of data.

Coating Selection:

    MgF2, UV-AR,UV-VIS ,VIS-EXT, VIS-NIR, NIR I, NIR II, Telecom-NIR,SWIR ,SWIR ,YAG-BBAR.

Pictures of zinc sulfide double-convex lenses

CVD zinc sulfide is an important material for long-wave infrared windows and is widely used in the fabrication of infrared windows, rectifiers and infrared optical components.

Our company offer ZnS biconvex lenses in various sizes and focal lengths.Customized parameters and optical path diagrams for zinc sulfide double-convex lenses

Biconvex lens has two surfaces that are spherical and have the same radius of curvature, which makes the object and image distances equal or similar, when the difference is minimal.Biconvex lens focuses light into a single point with a positive focal length and can be used to focus a collimated beam or to collimate a point source. Biconvex lenses are commonly used in imaging applications.

The important parameters of biconvex lenses are: size, focal length, design wavelength, finish, face accuracy, eccentricity, substrate material and other attributes. Suitable parameters of biconvex lenses can be selected according to specific applications.Crystal materials for zinc sulfide double-convex lenses

Zinc sulfide crystals are relatively stable crystals with the chemical formula ZnS, slightly irritating odor, and are an important infrared window material. Large size and high transmittance zinc sulfide (ZnS) crystals can be prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.

Zinc Sulfide double-convex lenses material data

CVD zinc sulfide is characterized by high purity, insolubility in water, moderate density and easy processing. Moreover, zinc sulfide has high hardness, twice the fracture strength of zinc selenide, and is highly resistant to harsh environments. It is very suitable for the manufacture of missile fairings and infrared windows for military aircraft.

Zinc Sulfide double-convex lenses coating options

Coating refers to coating a transparent electrolyte film or metal film on the surface of the substrate material by physical or chemical methods. The purpose is to change the reflection and transmission characteristics of the material surface to reduce or increase the reflection, beam splitting, color separation, light filtering, polarization and other requirements.We can provide various optical coatings such as anti-reflective films, high-reflective films, spectral films, and metallic films. Broadband anti-reflective films are available for UV, visible, NIR and mid-infrared wavelengths.

Cystal classification of zinc sulfide double-convex lenses

●Transmittance 

The transmission curve of standard CVD zinc sulfide, at (20±3)℃ temperature, is shown in the figure. The transmission in the spectral range from 8μm to 10μm should not be less than 70%; The transmission curve in the spectral range from 3μm to 10μm should not have other absorption peaks except for the absorption peak near 6μm.  

cvd zinc sulfide crystal material transmittance curves

The transmission curves of the multispectral CVD zinc sulfide at (20±3)℃ are shown in Fig. The transmittance at 1064 nm is not less than 70%, and the transmittance in the spectral range from 3 μm to 5 μm is not less than69%, and the transmittance curve is smooth without absorption peak; The transmittance  in the spectral range from 8 μm to 10 μm is not less than 70%.

Multispectral cvd zinc sulfide crystal material transmittance curve

Refractive index: The refractive index of CVD zinc sulfide should be in accordance with the following table.

Multispectral cvd zinc sulfide and cvd zinc sulfide crystal materials refractive index data by wavelengths

●Refractive index inhomogeneity

 The refractive index inhomogeneity of multispectral CVD zinc sulfide (at a wavelength of 0.6328 μm) should be less than 4×10-5 .

●Material bending strength standards

 Standard CVD zinc sulfide, bending strength should be greater than 100MPa. 

Multispectral CVD zinc sulfide, bending strength should be greater than 70MPa.

Material Selection

●N-BK7

    N-BK7 is the most commonly used optical glass for processing high quality optical components,, with excellent transmittance from visible to near-infrared wavelengths(350-2000nm), and has a wide range of applications in telescopes, lasers and other fields. N-BK7 is generally chosen when the additional benefits of UV fused silica (very good transmittance and low coefficient of thermal expansion in the UV band) are not required.

●UV fused silica

     UV fused silica has a high transmission from the UV to NIR  (185-2100nm).  In addition, UV fused silica has better uniformity and lower coefficient of thermal expansion than H-K9L (N-BK7), making it particularly suitable for high power laser and imaging applications.

●Calcium fluoride

    Due to its high transmittance and low refractive index within a wavelength of 180nm-8um, calcium fluoride is often used as windows and lenses in spectrometers and thermal imaging systems. In addition, it has good applications in excimer lasers because of its high laser damage threshold.

●Barium fluoride

    Barium fluoride have high transmittance from the 200nm-11um and they are resistant to stronger high-energy radiation. At the same time, barium fluoride has excellent scintillation properties and can be made into various infrared and ultraviolet optical components. However, the disadvantage of barium fluoride is that it is less resistant to water. When exposed to water, the performance degrades significantly at 500℃, but it can be used for applications up to 800℃ in a dry environment. At the same time, barium fluoride has excellent scintillation properties and can be made into various infrared and ultraviolet optical components.It should be noted that when handling barium fluoride material, gloves must be worn at all times and hands must be washed thoroughly after handling.

●Magnesium fluoride 

    Magnesium fluoride is ideal for applications in the wavelength range of 200nm-6um. Compared to other materials, magnesium fluoride is particularly durable in the deep UV and far IR wavelength ranges. Magnesium fluoride is a powerful material for resistance to chemical corrosion, laser damage, mechanical shock and thermal shock. It is harder than calcium fluoride crystals, but relatively soft compared to fused silica, and has a slight hydrolysis. It has a Nucleus hardness of 415 and a refractive index of 1.38.

●Zinc selenide 

    Zinc selenide has high transmittance in the 600nm-16um and is commonly used in thermal imaging, infrared imaging, and medical systems. Also, due to its low absorption, zinc selenide is particularly suitable for use in high-power CO2 lasers. It should be noted that zinc selenide is a relatively soft material (Nucleus hardness 120) and is easily scratched, so it is not recommended for use in harsh environments. Extra care should be taken when holding, and cleaning, pinching or wiping with even force, and it is best to wear gloves or rubber finger covers to prevent tarnishing. Cannot be held with tweezers or other tools.

●Silicon 

    Silicon is suitable for use in the NIR band from 1.2-8um.Because of its low 

    density, silicon is particularly suitable in applications where weight

    requirements are sensitive, especially in the 3-5um . Silicon has a Nucleus 

    hardness of 1150, which is harder than germanium and not as fragile as 

    germanium.It is not suitable for transmission applications in CO2 lasers 

    because of its strong absorption band at 9um.

●Germanium 

    Germanium is suitable for use in the near-infrared band of 2-16um and is well 

    suited for infrared lasers. Due to its high refractive index, minimal surface 

    curvature and low chromatic aberration, germanium does not usually require 

    correction in low power imaging systems. However, germanium is more 

    severely affected by temperature, and the transmittance decreases with

    increasing temperature; therefore, it can only be applied below 100°C. The 

    density of germanium (5.33 g/cm³) is taken into account when designing 

    systems with strict weight requirements. Germanium lenses feature a

    precision diamond lathe turned surface, a feature that makes them well suited

    for a variety of infrared applications, including thermal imaging systems, 

    infrared beam splitters, telemetry, and in the forward-looking infrared (FLIR)

    field.

●CVD ZnS 

    CVD ZnS is the only infrared optical material, other than diamond, that covers visible to long-wave infrared (LWIR), full wavelength and even microwave wavelengths, and is currently the most important LWIR window material. It can be used as windows and lenses for high-resolution thermal imaging systems, as well as for advanced military applications such as "tri-optical" windows and near-infrared laser/dual-color infrared composite windows.

Growing workshop

Pictures of zinc sulfide double-convex lenses crystal growth workshopCutting workshopPictures of zinc sulfide double-convex lenses crystal cutting workshopPolishing workshopPictures of zinc sulfide double-convex  lenses polishing workshopCoating workshopPictures of zinc sulfide double-convex  lenses coating workshopAspheric workshoppictures of zinc sulfide aspheric lens polishing equipmentZYGO detectionZygo interferometer device for detecting PV of zinc sulfide double-convex lenses

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